補充劑

《美國膳食補充劑健康與教育法案》（DSHEA）將膳食補充劑定義為維他命或礦物質、草藥或其他植物源性化學物質、胺基酸、通過新增總膳食攝入量（包括來自器官或腺體的酶或組織）的膳食補充劑，或濃縮物、代謝物、成分，或者這些的摘錄。

營養補充劑是一種膳食補充劑，含有一種濃縮形式的推定生物活性物質，從整個食物中選取。它們現在存在於非食物基質中，用於增强健康，劑量超過了從全食物中獲得的劑量。基於證據的建議需要對相關臨床文獻進行科技審查，其中出版品根據其科學證實水准進行評級。美國臨床內分泌學家協會（AACE）的營養指南特別工作組發表了他們關於膳食補充劑和營養藥物（DS/N）在內分泌實踐中的臨床應用的循證研究結果；一些研究結果在本文中進行了總結。

• DS/N推薦等級為a級（有力證據表明受益大於風險），適合一線治療，
• 建議等級為B級（獲益大於風險的中間證據）的DS/N適合二線治療;
• 醫生可能不反對繼續使用推薦等級為C的DS/N（獲益大於風險的微弱證據）;
• 各種DS/N已用於替代醫學中，用於未經證實的用途或具有過度風險的情况（D級）。

AACE認識到，隨著新出現的科學數據可用，這些推薦等級將改變。改變醫生不鼓勵常規使用未經證實的DS/N療法。許多DS/N與其他DS/N和某些藥物有不良反應。此外，許多服用DS/N的患者沒有向他們的醫生透露這一點。希望通過繼續教育，醫生能够更有效地與患者溝通。

Supplements

Dietary supplements are defined by the US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) as a vitamin or mineral, a herb or other plant-derived chemical, an amino acid, a dietary supplement by increasing the total dietary intake (including enzymes or tissues from organs or glands), or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, or extract of these.

Dietary supplements are defined by the US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) as a vitamin or mineral, a herb or other plant-derived chemical, an amino acid, a dietary supplement by increasing the total dietary intake (including enzymes or tissues from organs or glands), or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, or extract of these.

Nutraceuticals are dietary supplements that contain a concentrated form of a presumed bioactive substance derived from a whole food. These now present in a non-food matrix and are used to enhance health in doses exceeding those obtainable from whole foods. Evidence-based recommendations require a technical review of the pertinent clinical literature in which publications are rated according to their level of scientific substantiation.

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists’ (AACE’s) Nutrition Guidelines Task Force published their evidence-based findings on the clinical use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals (DS/N) in endocrine practice; some of the findings are summarized throughout this article.

• DS/N with a recommendation grade A (strong evidence of benefit greater than risk);
• DS/N with a recommendation grade B (intermediate evidence of benefit greater than risk) are suitable for second-line treatments;
• Physicians may have no objection to the continued use of DS/N with a recommendation grade C (weak evidence of benefit greater than risk);
• Various DS/N have been used in alternative medicine for unproven uses or situations with excessive risk (grade D).

will be able to communicate more effectively with their patients.

Supplement and topical application in this category caters for minor health conditions without the need of expert advice. If you have any health issues, please contact your family doctor or "Doctors Without Borders" on this platform the soonest to obtain accurate diagnosis and advice.